The dateset of the ground-based RPG-8CH-DP microwave radiometer observations was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area from Mar. 14 to 17, 2008. Observation items included the brightness temperature by the ground-based microwave radiometer (18.7GHz and 36.5GHz), the soil temperature by the thermal resistor, the gravimetric soil moisture by the microwave drying method, and the surface roughness by the grid board. The wheat stubble land (38°15'44.13"N, 100°55'35.34"E) was chosen for continuous observations from 11:00 to 24:00 on Mar. 14, with the incidence 20°-70° and the step length 5°. The rape stubble land (38°15'23.17"N, 100°58'37.84"E) was chosen for continuous observations from 10:00 to 21:30 on Mar. 16, with the incidence 20°-70° and the step length 5°. The deep plowed land (38°18'8.28"N, 101° 3'27.22"E) was chosen for short time observations from 17:26 to 19:20 on Mar. 17, with the azimuth angle 240°-300° and the step length 10°, the incidence 40°-70° and the step length 5°. The brightness temperature was archived as .BRT and .txt files (the ASCII format). Each row in .txt was listed by year, month, date, hour, minute, second, 6.925GHz (h), 6.925GHz (v), 10.65GHz (h), 10.65GHz (v) , 18.7GHz (h), 18.7GHz (v), 36.5GHz (h), 36.5GHz (v), the elevation angle, and the azimuth angle. Values for 6.925GHz and 10.65GHz were zero due to malfunction. The roughness data were obtained by the grid board and the camera and the RMS height (cm) and correlation length (cm) were also calculated and archived, which could be opened by Notepad or Microsoft Office Word. Those provide reliable reference for the roughness of the same land cover type. The gravimetric soil moisture (soil samples from 0-1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm) was measured by the microwave drying method. The file can be opened by Microsoft Office Word. The shallow layer soil moisture was measured by hydra prob from 12:00 to 17:00 on 14 and by the Hydra probe (straight downward for 0-5cm) and HH2 (level into the soil surface) on 16. The surface temperature was measured by the thermal resistor. The file can be opened by Microsoft Office Word. Four data files were included, the brightness temperature, the surface temperature, the soil moisture and the surface roughness.
CHANG Sheng, LIANG Xingtao, PAN Jinmei, PENG Danqing, ZHANG Yongpan, ZHANG Zhiyu, ZHAO Shaojie, Zhao Tianjie, ZHENG Yue, YIN Xiaojun, ZHANG Zhiyu
The dataset of airborne L-band microwave radiometer and thermal imager mission was obtained in the Binggou-A'rou flight zone in the afternoon of Apr. 1, 2008. The frequency of L bands was 1.4 GHz with back sight of 35 degree and dual polarization (H&V) was acquired. The plane took off at Zhangye airport at 12:48 (BJT) and landed at 16:35 along the scheduled lines at the altitude about 5000m and speed about 260km/hr.. The raw data include microwave radiometer (L) data, thermal imager data (7.5-13 um; FOV: 24×18º) and GPS data; the first were instantaneous non-imaging observation recorded in text, which could be converted into brightness temperatures according to the caliberation coefficients (filed with raw data together), and the third are aircraft longitude, latitude and attitude. Moreover, based on the respective real-time clock log, observations by the microwave radiometer and GPS can be integrated to offer coordinates matching for the former. Yaw, flip, and pitch motions of aircraft were ignored due to the low resolution of microwave radiometer observations. Observation information can also be rasterized, as required, after calibration and coordinates matching. L band resolution (x) and footprint can be approximately estimated as x=0.3H (H is relative flight height). The thermal imager was 320*240 pixels and with FOV of 24×18º. The thermal imager data were stored in binary format with a text header file. The recorded value was brightness temperature at sensor with scale and gain parameter recorded in the header file. And the thermal images were not geometrically corrected because there were gaps between sequential images.
WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, CHE Tao, ZHAO Kai, JIN Jinan, XIAO Qing, Liu Qiang
The dataset of surface roughness was obtained at the super site (100m×100m, pure Qinghai spruce) around the Dayekou Guantan forest station. 25 corner points and 16 center points were collected and each point was measured twice and photos were taken. With the roughness plate 110cm long and the measuring points distance 1cm, the samples were collected along the strip from south to north and from east to west, respectively. The photos were processed using ArcView software; and after geometric correction, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) could be acquired based on the formula listed on pages 234-236, Microwave Remote Sensing, Vol. II. The roughness data were initialized by the sample name, which was followed by the serial number, the name of the file, standard deviation and correlation length. Each .txt file is matched with one sample photo and standard deviation and correlation length represent the roughness. In addition, the length of 101 radius is also included for further checking. Those provide reliable ground data for improving and verifying the remote sensing algorithms.
BAI Yunjie, CAO Yongpan, CHE Tao, CHEN Ling, Qu Yonghua, ZHOU Hongmin
The dataset of surface roughness measurements was obtained in the reed plot A, the saline plots B and C of the Linze grassland foci experimental area on Jun. 7, 18 and 25, 2008. All the quadrates were divided into 4×4 subsites, with each one spanning a 120×120 m2 plot. With the roughness plate 110cm long and the measuring points distance 1cm, the samples were collected from south to north and from east to west, respectively. The coordinates of the sample would be got with the help of ArcView; and after geometric correction, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) could be acquired based on the formula listed on pages 234-236, Microwave Remote Sensing, Vol. II. The original photos of each sampling point, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) were included this dataset. The roughness data were initialized with the sample name, which was followed by the serial number, the name of the file, standard deviation and correlation length. Each .txt file is matched with one sample photo and standard deviation and correlation length represent the roughness. In addition, the length of 101 needles is also included for further checking.
CAO Yongpan, GE Chunmei, WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, FENG Lei, YU Fan, WANG Jing
The dataset of surface roughness measurements was obtained in A1, A2, A3, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 of the A'rou foci experimental area. The quadrates were changed into 3×3 subsites during the foci experimental period, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. With the roughness plate 110cm long and the measuring points distance 1cm, the samples were collected along the strip from south to north and from east to west, respectively. As for the sampling lines, the samples were collected every 100 m along them from south to north. Photos were named in the form of A3-1EW, indicating No. 1 point in A3 measured from east to west. The coordinates of the sample would be got with the help of ArcView; and after geometric correction, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) could be acquired based on the formula listed on pages 234-236, Microwave Remote Sensing, Vol. II. The roughness data were initialized by the sample name, which was followed by the serial number, the name of the file, standard deviation and correlation length. Each .txt file is matched with one sample photo and standard deviation and correlation length represent the roughness. In addition, the length of 101 radius is also included for further checking. Those provide reliable ground data for improving and verifying the remote sensing algorithms. Nine files were included, ARou_SampleArea1, ARou_SampleArea2, ARou_SampleArea3, ARou_SampleLine1, ARou_SampleLine2, ARou_SampleLine3, ARou_SampleLine4, ARou_SampleLine5 and ARou_SampleLine6.
CAO Yongpan, CHE Tao, HAN Xujun, LI Xin, LI Zhe, WANG Shuguo
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with PROBA CHRIS was obtained in No. 2 and 3 quadrates of the A'rou foci experimental area on Jun. 23, 2008. Observation items included: (1) quadrates investigation including GPS by GARMIN GPS 76, plant species by manual cognition, the plant number by manual work, the height by the measuring tape repeated 4-5 times, phenology by manual work, the coverage by manual work (compartmentalizing 0.5m×0.5m into 100 to see the percentage the stellera takes) and the chlorophyll content by SPAD 502. Data were archived in Excel format. (2) roughness by the self-made roughness board and the camera. The processed data were archived as .txt files. (3) BRDF by ASD FieldSpec (350～2 500 nm), with 20% reference board and the observation platform made by Beijing Normal University. The processed reflectance and transmittivity were archived as .txt files. (4) LAI of stellera and pasture by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in Excel). For more details, see Readme file. Five files were included, spectrum in No.2 quadrate, multiangle observations in No.2 and 3 quadrates, roughness photos in No.2 and 3 quadrates, the fisheye camera observations, and the No.2 and 3 quadrates investigation.
CAO Yongpan, DING Songchuang, HAO Xiaohua, DONG Jian, Qu Yonghua, YU Yingjie
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands) mission was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area on May 25, 2008. Observation items included: (1) the soil temperature in L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7; (2) roughness measured by the roughness grid board and collected by the digital camera. Files with "result" field were processed data, in which the first row was RMS height (cm; one value), the second row was distance (cm), and the third row was correlation function (cm; changed into correlation length when it is 1/e). (3) GPR and TDR data. Five files were included, roughness photos and preprocessed data, the soil temperature, coordinates of quadrates and sampling lines, GPR and microwave radiometer data. All were archived as Excel and .txt files. Those provide reliable ground data for development and validation of soil moisture and freeze/thaw algorithms from active remote sensing approaches.
BAI Yunjie, CAO Yongpan, CHE Tao, DU Ziqiang, HAO Xiaohua, WANG Zhixia, WU Yueru, CHAI Yuan, CHANG Sheng, QIAN Yonggang, SUN Xiaoqing, WANG Jindi, YAO Dongping, ZHAO Shaojie, ZHENG Yue, ZHAO Yingshi, LI Xiaoyu, PATRICK Klenk, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
The dataset of surface roughness measurements by phototaking was obtained in the Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental area. Observation items included: (1) Surface roughness synchronizing with ASAR and MODIS in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot on May 24, 2008. (2) Surface roughness synchronizing with WiDAS in Huazhaizi desert No. 1 plot on May 30, 2008. The self-made roughness reference board (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS), the digital camera and the compass were used. Sample points were selected at equal intervals along the diagonals and marked in the photos.
XU Zhen, SHU Lele, WANG Jianhua
The dateset of surface roughness measurements was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area. With the roughness grid board 110cm long and the measuring intervals of 1cm, the samples were collected along the soil surface from south to north and from east to west, respectively. The coordinates of the sample would be got with the help of ArcView; and after geometric correction, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) could be acquired based on the formula listed on pages 234-236, Microwave Remote Sensing, Vol. II. The original photos of each sampling point, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) were included. The roughness data files were initialized by the sample name, which was followed by the serial number, the name of the file, standard deviation and correlation length. Each .txt file is matched with one sample photo and standard deviation and correlation length represent the roughness. In addition, the length of 101 needles is also included for further checking.
CAO Yongpan, WANG Jian, Wang Weizhen, WANG Xufeng, LIANG Xingtao, ZHANG Yongpan, Zhao Tianjie
The data set is based on the geodetic coordinate data and other auxiliary data of the corner points of 16 subsamples of super sample plots, the setting points of lidar base station of the foundation and the base points of each tree trunk measured by the total station. The data acquisition time of total station is from June 3, 2008 to June 12, 2008, which is divided into two groups. One total station is used respectively, with the models of topcon602 and topcon7002. A total of 1468 Picea crassifolia trees in the super sample plot were measured, and all the corner points of the sub sample plot and the top points of the stake set on the base station of lidar were located. These positioning results are the main data content of the dataset. In addition, on June 3, 2008, June 4, 2008, June 6, 2011, the differential GPS z-max was used to locate all the stake vertices. By manually measuring the height of each stake, the height of the surface under the stake was calculated, and finally the three-dimensional coordinate position of the surface of each tree and the topographic map of super sample plot were generated. These data constitute the secondary data of the dataset. This data set can provide detailed ground observation data for the establishment of real three-dimensional forest scene, the development and correction of various three-dimensional forest remote sensing models, and ground validation data for the extraction of airborne lidar forest parameters.
GUO Zhifeng, LIANG Dashuang, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Hao, CHEN Erxue, LIU Qingwang
The dataset of surface roughness measurements was obtained in No. 1 and 2 quadrates of the Biandukou foci experimental area during the pre-observation period. Both the quadrates were divided into 3×3 subsites, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. The original photos of each sampling point, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) were included. With the roughness grid board 110cm long and the measuring intervals of 1cm, the samples were collected along the soil surface from south to north and from east to west, respectively. The coordinates of sample points would be got with the help of ArcView; and after geometric correction, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) could be acquired based on the formula listed on pages 234-236, Microwave Remote Sensing, Vol. II. The roughness data files were initialized by the sample name, which was followed by the serial number, the name of the file, standard deviation and correlation length. Each .txt file is matched with one sample photo and standard deviation and correlation length represent the roughness. In addition, the length of 101 needles is also included for further checking. Those provide reliable ground data for improving and verifying the microwave remote sensing algorithms.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, CHE Tao, QIN Chun, WU Yueru
The data includes earthquakes at various levels across the country from 2300 BC to 2005 AD. There are a total of more than 330,000 catalogs, each of which includes earthquake time, epicenter longitude, epicenter latitude, focal depth, positioning accuracy, and magnitude. This data was first released by the National Seismological Bureau. The China Earthquake Catalog contains a Mapinfo layer (Total_0510Time) and files with the extensions .TAB, .MAP, .DAT, .ID. Their functions are as follows: TAB: the main file, including the table data structure and entity data format fields; MAP: a geographic data file containing map objects; ID: the index file of the graphic object file (MAP); DAT: Form data file.
MA Jin
The dataset of surface roughness measurements was obtained in No. 1 and 2 quadrates of the E’bao foci experimental area during the pre-observation period. Both the quadrates were divided into 3×3 subsites, with each one spanning a 30×30 m2 plot. With the roughness board 110cm long and the measuring points distance 1cm, the samples were collected along the strip from south to north and from east to west, respectively. The coordinates of the sample would be got with the help of ArcView; and after geometric correction, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) could be calculated based on the formula listed on pages 234-236, Microwave Remote Sensing, Vol. II. The original photos of each sampling point, surface height standard deviation (cm) and correlation length (cm) were archived. The roughness data were initialized by the sample name, which was followed by the serial number, the name of the file, standard deviation and correlation length. Each .txt file is matched with one sample photo and standard deviation and correlation length represent the roughness. In addition, the length of 101 needles is also included for further validation.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, CHE Tao, QIN Chun, WU Yueru,
The dataset of survey at the poplar sampling plot was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area. Observation items included: (1) soil profile moisture and temperature (0-5cm, 0-5cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm) with photos measured twice by the cutting ring method (50cm^3, each layer), once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer and the probe thermometer (15cm, twice each layer) on Jun. 3, 2008. Data were archived as Excel files. (2) shallow layer soil moisture (0-5cm) measured once by the cutting ring method (50cm^3, once each point) and twice by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer on Jun. 4, 2008. 13 points were selected and data were archived as Excel files. (3) LAI by TRAC on Jul. 20, 2008. Data were archived as Excel files. (4) roughness measured by the roughness plate together with the digital camera. 18 points were selected and data were archived in JPG format format. (5) forest investigation of Populus gansuensis from Jun. 5-13, 2008: coordinates, the diameter at breast height and the crown size by the measuring tape, full height by TruPulse200. 408 trees were selected and data were archived as Excel files. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
BAI Yanfen, DING Songchuang, HAO Xiaohua, PAN Xiaoduo, Qian Jinbo, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, WANG Zhixia, ZHU Shijie
This data set contains the element content data of a deep drilled formation near the open sea in the middle reaches of Heihe River. The borehole is located at 99.432 E and 39.463 n with a depth of 550m. The element scanning analysis was carried out at 1-3cm intervals for the drilled strata. The scanning was completed in the Key Laboratory of Western Ministry of environmental education, Lanzhou University, and 38705 effective element data were obtained.
HU Xiaofei, PAN Baotian
The super sample plot is composed of 16 sub samples. In order to locate each tree in the sample plot and facilitate the location of the base station point for ground-based radar observation, it is necessary to measure the geodetic coordinates of the sub sample plot corner point and the preset base station point for ground-based radar. The location of these points and each tree is measured by total station. Because the total station measures relative coordinates, in order to obtain geodetic coordinates, it is necessary to use differential GPS (DGPS) to measure at least one reference point around the super sample plot with high precision. In addition, we also use DGPS to observe the geodetic coordinates of all corner points of the subsample, and the measurement results can form the verification of the total station measurement results. The data set is based on all the positioning results measured by DGPS, excluding the positioning results of total station. The measurement time is from June 1 to 13, 2008, using the French Thales differential GPS measurement system, model z-max. The observation method is to use two GPS receivers for synchronous static measurement, one is the base station, which is set next to Gansu Water Conservation Forest Research Institute (the WGS geodetic coordinate of the base station is a first-class benchmark introduced from Zhangye City through multi station observation using z-max). The other is the mobile station, which is placed on the observation point of super sample plot. The observation time of each point varies from 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes. The specific time depends on the satellite signal. The signal difference time is measured for several minutes more. Finally, the final positioning result is obtained by using the processing software of the instrument. WGS geodetic coordinate system is used for the positioning results. Firstly, six temporary control points were measured in the open area next to the super sample plot, providing reference points for the total station to measure the position of trees in the super sample plot. Then, flow stations were set up on each corner of 16 sub plots of super plot, and the coordinates of corner points were measured, and 41 observation points were obtained. The dataset stores the positioning results of these 47 points. This data is only for project use and not for external sharing.
LIU Qingwang, BAI Lina, CHEN Erxue
Seven boreholes were drilled in the middle reaches of Heihe River. According to the sedimentary characteristics, the lithology of different layers of each borehole was described.
HU Xiaofei, PAN Baotian
This data set contains a deep drilling paleomagnetic age data near the open sea in the middle reaches of Heihe River. The borehole is located at 99.432 E and 39.463 n with a depth of 550m. The samples of paleomagnetic age were taken at the interval of 10-50 cm. The paleomagnetic test was carried out in the Key Laboratory of Western Ministry of environmental education of Lanzhou University. The primary remanence of the samples was obtained by alternating demagnetization and thermal demagnetization, and the whole formation magnetic formation was obtained by using the primary remanence direction of each sample, and then the sedimentary age of the strata was obtained by comparing with the standard polarity column. The results show that the bottom boundary of the borehole is about 7 Ma and the top boundary is 0 ma.
HU Xiaofei, PAN Baotian
Two shallow drills near Heiquan in the middle reaches of Heihe River are 140 meters and 68.2 meters deep respectively. The physical and chemical indexes of the two boreholes are analyzed, including grain size and heavy mineral analysis.
PAN Baotian, HU Xiaofei
This data set contains two shallow drilling data near Heiquan in the middle reaches of Heihe River: 140 meters and 68.2 meters deep respectively. Paleomagnetic age samples were taken at 10-50 cm intervals from the two boreholes, and the magnetostratigraphic sequences of the two boreholes were obtained by testing these samples.
HU Xiaofei, PAN Baotian
This database includes slope, aspect and digital elevation model (DEM) data of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data comes from the 30m * 30m resolution numerical elevation model data downloaded from the geospatial data cloud website. Using the surface analysis function of ArcGIS software, the slope and aspect information of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are extracted. The data has been rechecked and reviewed by many people, and its data integrity, position accuracy and attribute accuracy meet the standards, with excellent and reliable quality. As one of the engineering geological conditions, this data is the basic data for the research on the development law of major engineering disturbance disasters and major natural disasters in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the analysis of susceptibility, risk and risk.
QI Shengwen
The data set includes soil pH data of representative soil samples collected from July 2012 to August 2013 in the Heihe River Basin. The first soil survey was conducted in 2012. After the representativeness evaluation of collected samples, we conducted an additional sampling in 2013. These samples are representative enough to represent the soil variation in the Heihe River Basin, of which the soil variation in each landscape could be accounted for. The sampling depths in field refer to the sampling specification of Chinese Soil Taxonomy, in which soil samples were taken from genetic soil horizons.
ZHANG Ganlin
Sketch map of 1:50000 geological map of hulugou small watershed in 2012, hulugou watershed is composed of Quaternary loose stratum and pre Cenozoic bedrock stratum. The pores of the bedrock stratum are mainly fissures and covered with thin residual slope deposits. The Pleistocene alluvial proluvial sand gravel layer (q3al + PL) above the piedmont plain is dominant. The loose formation in the front of the glacier is Holocene moraine gravel layer (q4gl), which is distributed under the modern cirque and forms lateral moraine and final moraine dike (ridge).
SUN Ziyong, CHANG Qixin
The data set includes soil organic carbon concentrations data of representative soil samples collected from July 2012 to August 2013 in the Heihe River Basin. The first soil survey was conducted in 2012. After the representativeness evaluation of collected samples, we conducted an additional sampling in 2013. These samples are representative enough to represent the soil variation in the Heihe River Basin, of which the soil variation in each landscape could be accounted for. The sampling depths in field refer to the sampling specification of Chinese Soil Taxonomy, in which soil samples were taken from genetic soil horizons.
ZHANG Ganlin
The data set includes soil bulk density data of representative soil samples collected from July 2012 to August 2013 in the Heihe River Basin. The first soil survey was conducted in 2012. After the representativeness evaluation of collected samples, we conducted an additional sampling in 2013. These samples are representative enough to represent the soil variation in the Heihe River Basin, of which the soil variation in each landscape could be accounted for. The sampling depths in field refer to the sampling specification of Chinese Soil Taxonomy, in which soil samples were taken from genetic soil horizons.
ZHANG Ganlin
Since 2006, China Geological Survey Bureau has organized and implemented the work of "Integration and comprehensive research on the basic geological survey results of the Tibetan Plateau". Based on the 1:250,000 regional geological survey on the blank area of the Tibetan Plateau and the latest research results at home and abroad, with the integration and comprehensive research, one of a series of maps, "1:1.5 million geological map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas" have been compiled. The map is published by Geological Publishing House. Based on 177 1:250,000 Regional Geological Survey data, the regional strata and structure stratigraphic system are systematically determined, including 9 strata and structure stratigraphic areas, 36 strata and structure stratigraphic areas and 63 strata and structure stratigraphic areas. The lithostratigraphic division and correlation sequence of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas are established. A large number of geological records of geological evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau are presented, which focus on the new discovery, new progress and new understanding of geological investigation and research. The projection of the map is Conformal Conic Projection, the first standard latitude is 28 °, the second standard latitude is 37 °, the central longitude is 89 °, and the projection origin latitude is 26 ° north latitude. This data is obtained by scanning the paper map “1:1.5 million geological map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas” with a high-resolution scanner, and splicing the sub maps. In the process of scanning, keep the map surface as flat as possible to reduce the error. The copyright of the map belongs to the publishing house. This data can be used by researchers who are engaged in the geological and geomorphological research of the Tibetan Plateau, it can be used for the research of regional resources exploration, geological science research, construction of major engineering facilities, environmental protection and disaster prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.
Geological Publishing House GPH
Natural changes and human impacts of typical karst environments in historical periods: stalagmite recording project is a major research program of "Environmental and Ecological Science in Western China" sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The person in charge is Tan Ming, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project runs from January 2002 to December 2009. The temperature data of Beijing hot months (May, June, July and August) in 2650 (665 B.C.-A.D. 1985) are the results of the project. The data are reconstructed according to the correlation between the annual thickness of stalagmites in Shihua Cave in Beijing and meteorological observation data. The temperature signals reflected by soil carbon dioxide and cave dripping are amplified by the soil-organic matter-carbon dioxide system and recorded by the annual sequence of stalagmites. Although the general trend of temperature has decreased in recent thousands of years, the reconstructed temperature reveals that the climate has experienced repeated rapid warming on a century scale. This result is related to other records in the northern hemisphere, indicating that there is a hemispheric influence on the periodic changes of temperature in the sub-millennium scale. The data contains a txt file with attribute fields such as yr.AD, layer number, original thickness (um), maximum error in um (+-), sedimentary trend, detrended thickness (um), reconstructed temperature, maximum error in degree C (+ -), temperature anomaly, temperature anomaly + error, temperature anomaly-error, maximum error in age (yr. +-).
TAN Ming, ZHANG Hucai, LI Tieying
Temporal aliasing caused by the incomplete reduction of high frequency atmosphere and ocean variability contributes as a major error source in the time-variable gravity field products recovered from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO), and likely future gravity missions. The current state-of-the-art of satellite gravity data processing makes use of de-aliasing products to reduce high-frequency mass anomalies, for example, the most recent official Atmosphere and Ocean De-aliasing products (AOD1B-RL06) are applied to model non-tidal mass changes in the ocean and atmosphere. The products already achieved a temporal resolution of 3 hours that greatly improved the quality of gravity inversion compared to the previous releases. In this study, we explore a refined mass integration approach of the atmosphere that considers geometrical, physical, and numerical modifications of the current AOD1B method. Then, the newly available ERA-5 global climate data of 31 km spatial and 1-hour temporal resolution are used to produce a new set of non-tidal atmosphere de-aliasing product (HUST-ERA5) that is computed in terms of spherical harmonics up to degree/order 100 covering 2002 onwards. Despite of an overall agreement with the AOD1B-RL06 (correlation of low-degree coefficients are all greater than 0.99), discrepancy is still distinguished for spatial-temporal analysis, i.e., a better consistency of HUST-ERA5 from 2007 to 2010. The factors contributing the differences, including the input data, method and temporal resolution, are therefore respectively analyzed and quantified through extensive assessments. We find the difference of HUST-ERA5 and AOD1B-RL06 has led to a mean variation of 7.34 nm/s on the the LRI (Laser Ranging Interferometry) range-rate residual on Jan 2019, which is close to the LRI precision already. This impact is invisible for GRACE(-FO) gravity inversion because of the less accurate onboard KBR(K-band ranging) instrument, however, it will be nonnegligible and should be considered when the LRI completely replaces KBR in the future gravity mission. In addition, HUST-ERA5 can also be widely used in LEO satellite orbit determination and superconducting gravimeter atmospheric correction.
YANG Fan, LUO Zhicai
Since 2006, China Geological Survey Bureau has organized and implemented the work of "Integration and comprehensive research on the basic geological survey results of the Tibetan Plateau". Based on the 1:250,000 regional geological survey on the blank area of the Tibetan Plateau and the latest research results at home and abroad, with the integration and comprehensive research, one of a series of maps, "1:1.5 million geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas" have been compiled. It is published by the Geological Publishing House. The geotectonic environment of the geological body is analyzed according to the geotectonic facies division plan (3 major facies, 18 basic facies and 36 subfacies), with the 36 geotectonic subfacies as the basic mapping unit, the geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is compiled. The projection of the map is Conformal Conic Projection, the first standard latitude is 28 °, the second standard latitude is 37 °, the central longitude is 89 °, and the projection origin latitude is 26 ° north latitude. This data is obtained by scanning the paper map “1:1.5 million geotectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas” with a high-resolution scanner, and splicing the sub maps. In the process of scanning, keep the map surface as flat as possible to reduce the error. The copyright of the map belongs to the publishing house. This data can be used by researchers who are engaged in the geological and geomorphological research of the Tibetan Plateau, it can be used for the research of regional resources exploration, geological science research, construction of major engineering facilities, environmental protection and disaster prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.
Geological Publishing House GPH
This data comes from the result of teleseismic data, mainly including the velocity and radial anisotropic structures beneath western Tibet. In the process of processing, bandwidth filtering is adopted, and the filtering range is 0.05-2 Hz. Due to the use of teleseismic data, the cross-correlation method is used in the acquisition process to "align" the waveform. The data quality is good, because the extracted data are all from the earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5.0 located in the global seismic catalog, and each event has an obvious take-off point. The data can be used by other seismologists to reconstruct and analyze the underground structures in this area.
ZHANG Heng
We compiled the Seismotectonic Map and Seismic Hazard Zonation Map of Central Asia using the ArcGIS platform through data collecting and digitization. The seismotectonic map of Western Asia covers Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The seismotectonic map is replenished with tremendous amount published data and depicts the location, character and name of the seismogenic faults or active faults and the epicenter of earthquakes with M ≥ 5 from 1960 to 2010. The zonation map shows the mean values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The two maps can not only be used in the research of active faults and seismic risks in Central Asia, but also will be applied to the seismic safety evaluation for infrastructure construction.
LUO Hao
We compiled the Seismic Zonation Map of Western Asia using the ArcGIS platform through data collecting and digitization. The Seismic Zonation map of Western Asia covers Iran and its surrounding countries and regions. Based on the “Major active faults of Iran” map, the map is replenished with massive published data and depicts the location and nature of the seisogenic faults or active faults and the epicenter of earthquakes with M ≥ 5 from 1960 to 2019. The zonation map shows the mean values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The two maps can not only be used in the research of active faults and seismic risks in Western Asia, but also will be applied to the seismic safety evaluation for infrastructure construction.
LIU Zhicheng
The data content mainly includes the main and micro data of the whole rock of some magmatic rocks in the Hoh Xil Lhasa plate of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The samples were mainly distributed in Hoh Xil lake, South Qiangtang guoganjianian, Dugur, and Gangdise Nasongduo and Saga counties. There are more than 300 major and trace elements in the samples, including olivine leucite, quartz monzonite, diorite and granite, which are of great significance to the study of the lithospheric evolution of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Data mainly come from published articles or being accepted. XRF spectroscopy was used to determine the major elements and ICP-MS was used to determine the trace elements. The data quality is highly reliable, and the testing units include the State Key Laboratory of Guangzhou Institute of geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. The data are published in high-level journals, including geology, BSA bulletin and Journal of petroleum.
TANG Gongjian, WANG Jun, QI Yue, ZHOU Jinsheng, DAN Wei
This data includes 1:4 million precision fault data within the scope of Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. The attribute table fields include fault name, fault length, strike, dip, fault property, paleoearthquake, etc. The data comes from the Seismological Bureau. Later, by consulting a large number of fault related literature, the attribute of fault activity age is added on the basis of the original data. The accuracy of original data is reliable, and a special person is responsible for quality review; After review by many people, the data integrity, position accuracy and attribute accuracy meet the requirements of relevant technical regulations and standards, and the quality is excellent and reliable. The fault data can provide basic data support for some fault related research work in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
QI Shengwen
The data set mainly includes typical rare earth deposits in China, such as Maoniuping and Lizhuang rare earth deposits in Mianning, Western Sichuan, and Gansha OBO rare earth deposits in Gansu Province. These rare earth deposits are genetically related to carbonate alkaline rock complex. In situ U-Pb dating, whole rock major and trace elements, Sr nd Pb radioisotopes, C-O-B-Ca stable isotopes and mineral in situ major and trace elements contents of rocks or ores in these complexes were analyzed. The major elements were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), the trace elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the isotopes were mainly measured by mc-icp-ms. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) it is revealed that the magma source area of alkaline carbonate type REE deposit experienced the addition of strong subduction material, and its formation depth may be deeper than previously thought（2) It is revealed that the aegirization may be related to carbonatite and alkaline magmatism, and there may be differences in the aegirization between the two types of magma（3) The later reformation of the rare earth deposits with younger age may be relatively weak, while the rare earth deposits with older age are easy to be influenced by the later geological process and difficult to distinguish.
WENG Qiang, LI Ningbo, LI Ao
We use waveform cross-correlation to analyze the recordings of eight earthquakes (2009-2018) beneath the Indian Ocean at stations from the Chinese Digital Seismic Network. We obtain 929 high quality residual traveltime differences between the phases ScS and S (Differential traveltimes.dat). We interpret variations of δt up to 10 seconds as due to horizontal shear-velocity variations in D” beneath northern India, Nepal, and southwestern China. The shear velocity can vary by as much as 7% over distances shorter than 300 km. Our observations provide additional observational evidence that compositional heterogeneity and possibly melt contribute to the seismic structure of the lower mantle characterized by long-term subduction and mantle downwelling.
LI Guohui, BAI Ling
The data set is the distribution of the average roughness in Central Asia including three temperate deserts, the Karakum, Kyzylkum and Muyunkun Deserts, and one of the world's largest arid zones. This is the MODIS-NDVI data set calculated by using the median particle diameter and the vegetation coverage. The space and time resolutions are 500 m and 16 days, respectively. The time is from 01, January, 2017 to 18, December, 2017. The data set uses the the Geodetic coordinate system. It can be used for the investigation of the Desert oil and gas field, and oasis cities.
GAO Xin
The Pan-Third Polar region has strong seismic activity, which is driven by the subduction and collision of the Indian plate, the Arab plate and the Eurasian plate. 3809 earthquakes with Magnitude 6 or larger have occurred in Pan-Third Polar region (north latitude 0-56 degrees and east longitude 43-139 degrees) since 1960. Among them, 59 earthquakes with Magnitude 8 or larger, 689 earthquakes with Magnitude 7.0-7.9 and 3061 earthquakes with Magnitude 6.0-6.9 have occurred. Earthquakes occurred mainly in the foothills of the India-Myanmar Mountains, the Himalaya Mountains, the Sulaiman Mountains, where the India Plate collided with the Eurasian plate, and the Zagros Mountains where the Arab plate collided with the Eurasian plate.
WANG Ji
The data coverage area is Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor, which is vector line data. The data defines its active period and names it. The strike, nature, active period and exposure of the fault are described. However, the content is missing, and the secondary fault zone is not named. There are 590 linear elements within the Sichuan Tibet traffic corridor in this data set, but some linear elements are multiple elements of the same fault zone. The active fault zone is often the combination zone of different plates and different blocks. It is a relatively weak zone of the crust, which is easy to induce extremely serious earthquake disasters. It is also a concentrated development zone of geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. The judgment of the location and nature of fault zone is of great significance to the risk susceptibility evaluation of geological disasters, and it is the key factor to study geological disasters.
WANG Lixuan
The dataset includs borehole core lithology, altitude survey, soil thickness and slop measurement, hydrogeological survey, and hydrogeophysical survey in the Maqu catchment of the Yellow River source region in the Tibetan Plateau. The borehole lithology data is from the 2017 drilled borehole ITC_ Maqu_ 1; altitude survey was carried out using RTK in 2019; Soil thickness and slope data were collected by auger and inclinometer in 2018 and 2019; hydrogeological survey includes groundwater table depth measurements in 2018 and 2019, and aquifer test data obtained in 2019; hydrogeological survey includes Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) , Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) , Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) , and magnetic susceptibility measurements. MRS and ERT surveys were conducted in 2018. TEM and magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out in 2019.
LI Mengna, ZENG Yijian, Maciek W. LUBCZYNSKI, BOB Su, QIAN Hui
This data is the disturbance disaster data of 1:250000 major projects in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. For the scope of disaster interpretation, line engineering (national highway, high-speed, railway and Power Grid Engineering) and hydropower engineering are bounded by the first watershed on both sides of the project; Mine, oilfield and port projects are bounded by 1km away from the project. Engineering disturbance disasters can be divided into two categories: ① landslide, collapse and debris flow disasters induced by engineering construction; ② For natural disasters that may affect the project, it is stipulated that all natural disasters within the above interpretation scope belong to category ② engineering disturbance disasters. The data includes the location, length, width, height difference, distribution elevation, genetic type, inducing factors, occurrence time, lithology and other elements of landslide, disaster related projects and project construction years. Based on Google Earth image and 1:500000 geological diagram, 6176 disaster points were interpreted; Google Earth is mainly used for disturbance disaster interpretation, and combined with field investigation to verify the interpretation results, ArcGIS is used to generate disaster distribution map; The data comes from Google Earth high-resolution images, with high accuracy of original data. In the process of generating disaster files, the interpretation specifications are strictly followed, and special personnel are assigned to review, so the data quality is reliable; Based on the collected data, the disaster risk analysis of the study area can be carried out to provide theoretical guidance for the smooth operation of the built projects and the construction of the line projects not built / under construction.
QI Shengwen
Based on GRACE Level-1b satellite gravity data, a time series of mass change over Greenland for the period 2002 to 2016, with a spatial resolution of 1 degree × 1 degree and a time resolution of one month was developed by the satellite gravity team led by Professor Shen Yunzhong from Tongji University. The reference time of this time series is the mean time span between January 2004 and December 2009. During data processing, ICE5G model was used to reduce the effect of GIA, and the contribution of GAD was added back by using AOD1B RL06 from GFZ
SHEN Yunzhong
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